Osmotic and curvature stress affect PEG-induced fusion of lipid vesicles but not mixing of their lipids

Biophysical Journal
V S MalininB R Lentz

Abstract

Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) in the external environment of membrane vesicles creates osmotic imbalance that leads to mechanical stress in membranes and may induce local membrane curvature. To determine the relative importance of membrane stress and curvature in promoting fusion, we monitored contents mixing (CM) and lipid mixing (LM) between different sized vesicles under a variety of osmotic conditions. CM between highly curved vesicles (SUV, 26 nm diameter) was up to 10 times greater than between less curved vesicles (LUV, 120 nm diameter) after 5 min incubation at a low PEG concentration (<10 wt%), whereas LM was only approximately 30% higher. Cryo-electron microscopy showed that PEG at 10 wt% did not create high curvature contacts between membranes in LUV aggregates. A negative osmotic gradient (-300 mOs/kg, hypotonic inside) increased CM two- to threefold for both types of vesicles, but did not affect LM. A positive gradient (+220 mOs/kg, hypertonic inside) nearly eliminated CM and had no effect on LM. Hexadecane added to vesicles had no effect on LM but enhanced CM and reduced the inhibitory effect on CM of a positive osmotic gradient, but had little influence on results obtained under a negative osmotic gradient. We con...Continue Reading

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