Outbreak-Related Disease Burden Associated with Consumption of Unpasteurized Cow's Milk and Cheese, United States, 2009-2014

Emerging Infectious Diseases
Solenne CostardFrancisco J Zagmutt

Abstract

The growing popularity of unpasteurized milk in the United States raises public health concerns. We estimated outbreak-related illnesses and hospitalizations caused by the consumption of cow's milk and cheese contaminated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter spp. using a model relying on publicly available outbreak data. In the United States, outbreaks associated with dairy consumption cause, on average, 760 illnesses/year and 22 hospitalizations/year, mostly from Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. Unpasteurized milk, consumed by only 3.2% of the population, and cheese, consumed by only 1.6% of the population, caused 96% of illnesses caused by contaminated dairy products. Unpasteurized dairy products thus cause 840 (95% CrI 611-1,158) times more illnesses and 45 (95% CrI 34-59) times more hospitalizations than pasteurized products. As consumption of unpasteurized dairy products grows, illnesses will increase steadily; a doubling in the consumption of unpasteurized milk or cheese could increase outbreak-related illnesses by 96%.

References

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Citations

Nov 9, 2017·Antibiotics·Lucía FernándezAna Rodríguez
Nov 21, 2017·Journal of Dairy Science·Kathryn J BoorSam Alcaine
Feb 9, 2019·Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics·Uday N ShivajiNeeraj Bhala
Feb 1, 2020·Epidemiology and Infection·J KenyonV Decraene
Jul 30, 2020·Journal of Applied Microbiology·J M Kingsbury, T K Soboleva
Dec 30, 2018·Zoonoses and Public Health·Katrine M PaulsenErik G Granquist
Jul 7, 2020·EFSA Journal·UNKNOWN National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU Food), DenmarkM Nauta
Jun 13, 2018·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Peter M Burnham, David R Hendrixson
Jun 28, 2020·Microbiome·Jinxin LiuDavid A Mills
Jun 11, 2020·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Anisio Iuri Lima Dos Santos RosarioMarion Pereira da Costa
Dec 19, 2020·Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety·Vincenzina FuscoCharles M A P Franz
Nov 26, 2020·Epidemiology and Infection·A O MarkonT T Postolache
Jul 20, 2021·Epidemiology and Infection·Qihua QiuSamuel J Crowe
Jun 30, 2021·Journal of Food Protection·Megan ToobyM Kate Thomas

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