Overall Asessment of the Response to Terrorist Bombings in Trains, Madrid, 11 March 2004

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery : Official Publication of the European Trauma Society
F Turegano-FuentesJavier Ortiz Alonso

Abstract

To provide an overall assessment of the response to the terrorist bombings in Madrid, 11 March 2004, which were considered the deadliest terrorist attack on European soil in modern times. Overall data on the number of victims treated at the scenes and at primary care facilities and hospitals, as well as the logistics involved, were reported by the EMS and the Health Authority of the Comunidad de Madrid local government. Data were mainly obtained by retrospective chart review, and did not include casualties who had only emotional shock, superficial bruises or transient hearing loss from barotraumas without eardrum perforation. We defined as critical any casualty with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) >15. Over 70,000 personnel were mobilized in the care of the victims. EMS response and total evacuation times at the four blast scenes averaged 7 and 99 min, respectively. There were around 2,000 casualties, and a typical bimodal distribution of deaths, with 177 immediate fatalities and 14 subsequent in-hospital deaths. Almost 60% of casualties were taken to the two closest hospitals. Problems related to security, identification of casualties and record-keeping were encountered at the closest hospital. Closed doors increased the immedi...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 1, 2014·European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery : Official Publication of the European Trauma Society·K Lennquist MontánS Lennquist
Aug 17, 2010·Zeitschrift für Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen·Michael ToursarkissianMichael Benker
Jun 24, 2016·European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery : Official Publication of the European Trauma Society·K Lennquist MontánP Örtenwall
Mar 23, 2017·The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery·Olivier BarbierGilbert Versier
Jul 22, 2010·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·John H ArmstrongScott M Sasser
Oct 10, 2015·Prehospital and Disaster Medicine·Marvin L BirnbaumAlessandro Loretti
Oct 1, 2008·European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery : Official Publication of the European Trauma Society·UNKNOWN Sten Lennquist, Editor of former IJDM, Society Liason Editor
Aug 10, 2013·The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery·Simon GlasgowKarim Brohi
Apr 11, 2018·Military Medicine·Jeffrey S Freed, John Ko
Jan 25, 2021·European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery : Official Publication of the European Trauma Society·Itamar AshkenaziFernando Turégano Fuentes
Feb 16, 2021·Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness·Roberto FaccincaniRoberto Fumagalli
Nov 19, 2020·European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery : Official Publication of the European Trauma Society·Laura CastoldiRoberto Faccincani
Aug 2, 2021·International Emergency Nursing·Jason P MurphyAnders Rüter
Oct 16, 2019·Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine·Astrée SwiechPierre Pasquier

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