Overcoming Challenges in Engineering Large, Scaffold-Free Neocartilage with Functional Properties

Tissue Engineering. Part a
Brian J HuangKyriacos A Athanasiou

Abstract

Although numerous cartilage engineering methods have been described, few report generation of constructs greater than 4 cm2, which is the typical lesion size considered for cell-based therapies. Furthermore, current cell-based therapies only target focal lesions, while treatment of large nonisolated lesions remains an area of great demand. The objective of this study was to scale up fabrication of self-assembled neocartilage from standard sizes of 0.2 cm2 to greater than 8 cm2. Passaged sheep articular chondrocytes were self-assembled into 5 or 25-mm-diameter scaffoldless neocartilage constructs. The 25-mm-diameter constructs grew up to 9.3 cm2 (areal scale-up of 23) and possessed properties similar to those of the 5-mm-diameter constructs; unfortunately, these large constructs were deformed and are unusable as a potential implant. A novel neocartilage fabrication strategy-employing mechanical confinement, a minute deadweight, and chemical stimulation (cytochalasin D, TGF-β1, chondroitinase-ABC, and lysyl oxidase-like 2 protein)-was found to successfully generate large (25-mm diameter) constructs with flat, homogeneous morphologies. Chemical stimulation increased collagen content and tensile Young's modulus 140% and 240% in the...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 14, 2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Mikko J LammiChengjuan Qu
Jul 23, 2021·Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology·Xiaolu ZhuFang Teng
Aug 8, 2021·Npj Regenerative Medicine·Wendy E BrownKyriacos A Athanasiou
Dec 9, 2021·Tissue Engineering. Part a·Gaston OtarolaKyriacos A Athanasiou

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
Assay
biopsy
chemical stimulation treatment

Software Mentioned

JMP
ImageJ
MatLab

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