Overexpression of Mechano-Growth Factor Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Macrophage Resolution in Skeletal Muscle Injury

Frontiers in Physiology
Keng-Ting SunElla W Yeung

Abstract

In muscle regeneration, infiltrating myeloid cells, such as macrophages mediate muscle inflammation by releasing key soluble factors. One such factor, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), suppresses inflammatory cytokine expression and mediates macrophage polarization to anti-inflammatory phenotype during muscle injury. Previously the IGF-1Ea isoform was shown to be anti-inflammatory. Another isoform of IGF-1, mechano-growth factor (MGF), is structurally and functionally distinct from IGF-1Ea, but its role in muscle inflammation has not yet been characterized. In this study, we hypothesized that MGF expression in muscle injury modulates muscle inflammation. We first investigated changes of transcription and expression of MGF in response to skeletal muscle injury induced by cardiotoxin (CTX) in vivo. At 1-2 days post-injury, Mgf expression was significantly upregulated and positively correlated with that of inflammatory cytokines. Immunostaining revealed that infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages coincided with Mgf upregulation. Furthermore, infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages expressed Mgf, suggesting their contribution to MGF upregulation in muscle injury. Macrophages seem to be the predominant source of MGF in mus...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 1, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Deng-Ho Yang, Meng-Yin Yang
May 1, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Yanhong LiSongjia Lai

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
AY878192
AY878193

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
transfection
fluorescence activated cell sorting
flow cytometry

Software Mentioned

ImageJ
NormFinder
BD FACSDiva
Accuri C6
SPSS24

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