Overview of Serological Techniques for Influenza Vaccine Evaluation: Past, Present and Future

Vaccines
Claudia Maria TrombettaEmanuele Montomoli

Abstract

Serological techniques commonly used to quantify influenza-specific antibodies include the Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI), Single Radial Haemolysis (SRH) and Virus Neutralization (VN) assays. HI and SRH are established and reproducible techniques, whereas VN is more demanding. Every new influenza vaccine needs to fulfil the strict criteria issued by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in order to be licensed. These criteria currently apply exclusively to SRH and HI assays and refer to two different target groups-healthy adults and the elderly, but other vaccine recipient age groups have not been considered (i.e., children). The purpose of this timely review is to highlight the current scenario on correlates of protection concerning influenza vaccines and underline the need to revise the criteria and assays currently in use. In addition to SRH and HI assays, the technical advantages provided by other techniques such as the VN assay, pseudotype-based neutralization assay, neuraminidase and cell-mediated immunity assays need to be considered and regulated via EMA criteria, considering the many significant advantages that they could offer for the development of effective vaccines.

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Citations

Apr 29, 2016·Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Européen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin·Esther KisslingUNKNOWN I-MOVE case–control study team
Mar 10, 2016·Expert Review of Vaccines·Claudia Maria Trombetta, Emanuele Montomoli
Feb 6, 2017·Clinics in Chest Medicine·Clementine S FraserPeter J M Openshaw
Jan 4, 2018·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Claudia Maria TrombettaEmanuele Montomoli
Apr 12, 2018·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·James D Allen, Ted M Ross
Jan 8, 2019·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·E GianchecchiE Montomoli
Jul 3, 2019·Expert Review of Vaccines·Claudia Maria TrombettaEmanuele Montomoli
Jun 5, 2019·Clinical and Experimental Immunology·K J StaplesT M A Wilkinson
Mar 7, 2019·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Florian Krammer
Sep 30, 2016·PloS One·Taisuke HorimotoShin Murakami
Feb 6, 2018·Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research·Sung J YooYoung S Lyoo
Nov 29, 2017·Expert Review of Vaccines·Richard Aspinall, Pierre Olivier Lang
Oct 19, 2019·Clinical and Experimental Immunology·D AmodioP Palma
Jan 2, 2020·Viruses·Claudia M TrombettaEmanuele Montomoli
Aug 29, 2021·Viruses·Fatai S OladunniThomas M Chambers
Sep 22, 2021·International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·Napaporn ChantasrisawadThanyawee Puthanakit

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ELISA
Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting
transfection
Assay

Software Mentioned

Plotkin

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