Oxidative stress and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation induced by peroxynitrite and nitrite in rat brain subcellular fractions

Neurochemistry International
Govind T VatasseryW Ed Smith

Abstract

Nitrite and nitrate, two endogenous oxides of nitrogen, are toxic in vivo. Furthermore, the reaction of superoxide (produced by all aerobic cells) with nitric oxide (NO) generates peroxynitrite, a potent oxidizing agent, that can cause biological oxidative stress. Using subcellular fractions from rat brain hemispheres we studied oxidative stress induced by these nitrogen compounds with special emphasis on nitrite. The consumption of Vitamin C (ascorbate) and Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol), two of the important nutritional antioxidants, was followed in synaptosomes (nerve-ending particles) and mitochondria along with changes in parameters of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Nitrite, but not nitrate, oxidized ascorbate without oxidizing alpha tocopherol in both synaptosomes and mitochondria whereas peroxynitrite oxidized both ascorbate and alpha tocopherol. Functionally, both nitrite and peroxynitrite inhibited mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Nitrite was less potent than peroxynitrite when the effects of equal concentrations of the two were compared. However, since nitrite is much more stable than peroxynitrite the impact of nitrite as an oxidant in vivo could be as much or even more significant than peroxynitrite....Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 24, 2011·Neurotoxicity Research·Way Kwok-Wai LauAndrew Chi-Kin Law
Sep 1, 2005·Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology·Juan R Muñoz-CastañedaIsaac Túnez
Aug 2, 2015·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·Fariheen Aisha AnsariRiaz Mahmood
Jul 1, 2017·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Fariheen Aisha AnsariRiaz Mahmood
Mar 22, 2020·Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology·Kavya JashKiran Kalia
May 4, 2020·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Daniela RibeiroEduarda Fernandes

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