Oxidative Stress in Human Atherothrombosis: Sources, Markers and Therapeutic Targets

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Jose Luis Martin-VenturaAna M Briones

Abstract

Atherothrombosis remains one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The underlying pathology is a chronic pathological vascular remodeling of the arterial wall involving several pathways, including oxidative stress. Cellular and animal studies have provided compelling evidence of the direct role of oxidative stress in atherothrombosis, but such a relationship is not clearly established in humans and, to date, clinical trials on the possible beneficial effects of antioxidant therapy have provided equivocal results. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is one of the main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human atherothrombosis. Moreover, leukocyte-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO) and red blood cell-derived iron could be involved in the oxidative modification of lipids/lipoproteins (LDL/HDL) in the arterial wall. Interestingly, oxidized lipoproteins, and antioxidants, have been analyzed as potential markers of oxidative stress in the plasma of patients with atherothrombosis. In this review, we will revise sources of ROS, focusing on NADPH oxidase, but also on MPO and iron. We will also discuss the impact of these oxidative systems on LDL and HDL, as well as the value of these modifie...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 19, 2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Diego CaicedoJesús Devesa
Mar 8, 2019·Bioscience Reports·Stefan LjunggrenJohanna Lönn
Apr 5, 2020·Biology·Anastasia V PoznyakAlexander N Orekhov
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Mar 6, 2019·Redox Biology·Erica GianazzaCristina Banfi

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
acetylation

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