Abstract
A physiologic increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is observed through pregnancy. ROS-induced damage to major cellular elements, specifically protein peroxidation, can lead to fetal and placental tissue senescence and inflammation often associated with normal parturition. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of oxidative stress (OS) in inducing changes in proteins, senescence, and sterile inflammation in pregnant mice. CD-1 mice (n = 5/group) on day 14 of gestation were subjected to minilaparotomy and the uterine horn between gestational sacs was injected with the following: saline (control), cigarette smoke extract (CSE) CSE diluted in saline and CSE + SB 203580 (SB) (a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor). Mice were sacrificed on day 18, and amniotic sacs, placentas and amniotic fluid (AF) were collected. Protein damage was evaluated by immunostaining for 3-Nitrotyrosine modified proteins (3-NT). Activation of prosenescence p38MAPK was evaluated by western blot. Senescence features, β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) and AF inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by immunostaining and multiplex luminex-based immunoassays, respectively. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test, p < .05 was u...Continue Reading
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