Oxidative Stress-Mediated Damage in Newborns with Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Possible Role of Melatonin

American Journal of Perinatology
Lucia MarsegliaE Gitto

Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a gastrointestinal surgical emergency in premature neonates. Free radicals have been linked to the development of the disease in infants. Ischemia, hypoxia-reperfusion, infection, and inflammation produce elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, impairing the redox balance and shifting cells into a state of oxidative stress. Melatonin, an effective direct free-radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant agent, exerts pleiotropic action on the human body. Several studies have tested the efficacy of melatonin in counteracting oxidative injury in diseases of newborns. Melatonin has been widely used in newborns including cases of asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, and sepsis, and no significant toxicity or treatment-related side effects with long-term melatonin therapy have been reported. Therefore, melatonin, besides standard therapies, could be considered as a potentially safe approach to prevent and treat necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. This review summarizes what is known about the role of oxidative stress, and potentially beneficial effects of antioxidants, such as melatonin, in necrotizing enterocolitis.

Citations

Jul 13, 2016·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Yasemin Ozsurekci, Kubra Aykac
Nov 7, 2016·Italian Journal of Pediatrics·Gabriella D'AngeloEloisa Gitto
Nov 12, 2016·Seminars in Perinatology·Alain Cuna, Venkatesh Sampath
Nov 4, 2015·International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology·Lucia MarsegliaEloisa Gitto
Jun 15, 2017·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·Fady M El-GendyMohamed G Hassan
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Sep 4, 2018·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Chiara Poggi, Carlo Dani

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