Oxygen reduction reaction induced pH-responsive chemo-mechanical hydrogel actuators

Soft Matter
Cunjiang YuRalph G Nuzzo

Abstract

We describe and characterize elementary designs for electrochemical micro- and macro-scale chemomechanical hydrogel actuators. The actuation of a pH-sensitive cross-linked polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel is driven in the model devices through the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurring at the electrodes of an embedded Au mesh micro-electrochemical array. Proton consumption by the ORR at the cathode of the embedded electrochemical cell leads to the formation of a localized pH gradient that in turn drives the strain response in the composite actuators. The dynamics result from the ionization of the carboxylic acid moieties of the PAA network in the high pH region, yielding an osmotic pressure that drives a volumetric expansion due to water imbibition. This system actuates both stably and reversibly; when the electrochemically-induced ORR is halted, the localized pH gradient dissipates due to diffusive mixing, which in turn relaxes the induced strains. Two approaches to the fabrication of hydrogel actuators were examined in this work. The first method adopted a design based on small flagella (∼0.2 mm × 1.5 mm × 60 μm, width × length × height) in which the actuating PAA structures are molded atop a set of fixed electrodes mounted...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 24, 2016·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·Kuniyuki HatoriReito Wada
Feb 10, 2018·Advanced Materials·Seung Jae KimMoon Jeong Park
Apr 21, 2018·Macromolecular Rapid Communications·Li LiuSeema Agarwal
Mar 20, 2018·Advanced Biosystems·Joselle M McCrackenRalph G Nuzzo
Feb 6, 2020·Macromolecular Rapid Communications·Chathuranga Prageeth Hemantha RajapakshaAntal Jákli
Oct 28, 2020·Advanced Materials·Jiangxin WangPooi See Lee
Feb 3, 2021·Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine·Feng-Mei ChengHai-Dong Li
Sep 22, 2018·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Xiaoliang QiWei Dong

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