Oxysterols and Gastrointestinal Cancers Around the Clock

Frontiers in Endocrinology
Urša KovačTadeja Rezen

Abstract

This review focuses on the role of oxidized sterols in three major gastrointestinal cancers (hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic, and colon cancer) and how the circadian clock affects the carcinogenesis by regulating the lipid metabolism and beyond. While each field of research (cancer, oxysterols, and circadian clock) is well-studied within their specialty, little is known about the intertwining mechanisms and how these influence the disease etiology in each cancer type. Oxysterols are involved in pathology of these cancers, but final conclusions about their protective or damaging effects are elusive, since the effect depends on the type of oxysterol, concentration, and the cell type. Oxysterol concentrations, the expression of key regulators liver X receptors (LXR), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and oxysterol-binding proteins (OSBP) family are modulated in tumors and plasma of cancer patients, exposing these proteins and selected oxysterols as new potential biomarkers and drug targets. Evidence about how cholesterol/oxysterol pathways are intertwined with circadian clock is building. Identified key contact points are different forms of retinoic acid receptor related orphan receptors (ROR) and LXRs. RORs and LXRs are both regul...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 29, 2020·British Journal of Pharmacology·Alzbeta Kloudova-SpalenkovaPavel Soucek
Nov 7, 2020·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids·Eva KočarDamjana Rozman
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May 18, 2021·Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal·Audrey JacqAnne-Marie François-Bellan
Mar 17, 2020·Current Medicinal Chemistry·Afshin SamadiMassimiliano Peana
Aug 28, 2021·Antioxidants·Ignacio Gutiérrez-Del-RíoFelipe Lombó
Nov 2, 2021·Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin·Hiroshi Matsuoka, Akihiro Michihara

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ubiquitination
acetylation
xenografts
ESRs

Software Mentioned

REVERBA

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