Oxysterols in biological systems: the gastrointestinal tract, liver, vascular wall and central nervous system

Free Radical Research
Christophe GarencEmile Levy

Abstract

Oxysterols are oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol generated from exogenous (food) or endogenous (auto-oxidation and enzymatic conversion) sources. Despite their hepatic capacity to transform into bile acids, oxysterols are present in the blood circulation and central nervous system. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the origins and roles of oxysterols under normal and pathophysiological conditions, such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Oxysterols are metabolites of the cholesterol auto-oxidation pathway present in atherosclerotic plaque and are concomitantly endogenous activators of nuclear receptor liver X receptors known to enhance cholesterol efflux. Despite their honourable role in the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, oxysterols have, in general, adverse effects in atherogenesis during which they accumulate and trigger cellular and molecular insults that lead to foam cell formation. This study will discuss the paradox that oxysterols are essential for the normal physiology of the hepatic, central nervous and vascular systems, but that they are also bioactive molecules that lead to adverse effects when they accumulate in the vascular wall.

References

Apr 13, 1979·Science·J S Patton, M C Carey
Aug 11, 1978·Science·A A KandutschH J Heiniger
Mar 1, 1991·Hepatology : Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases·Z R VlahcevicP B Hylemon
Jan 1, 1991·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·J M Hoeg
Dec 1, 1990·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·N T Patel, E B Thompson
Jun 1, 1986·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·R E GreggH B Brewer
Jan 1, 1983·Annual Review of Physiology·M C CareyC M Bliss
Sep 1, 1982·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J R FaustM S Brown
May 22, 1981·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·E LevyE Shafrir
May 24, 1995·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·L Ernster, G Dallner
Dec 1, 1994·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·N B Javitt
Aug 30, 1994·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J NäslundP Greengard
Aug 30, 1994·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·I BjörkhemE Lund
Feb 1, 1996·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·E LundI Björkhem
May 15, 1996·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·J H PangL Y Chau
Nov 1, 1995·Immunobiology·K AupeixP Bischoff
Sep 3, 1996·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·D LütjohannI Björkhem
Feb 7, 1997·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·J M LehmannT M Willson
Feb 18, 1997·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·M CrisbyU Diczfalusy
Apr 29, 1998·Current Opinion in Lipidology·M SchwarzD W Russell
May 30, 1998·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·M SimonsK Simons
Jun 19, 1998·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·A Babiker, U Diczfalusy
Sep 22, 1998·Current Biology : CB·M Accad, R V Farese
Oct 9, 1998·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·M M Kockx
Oct 31, 1998·Current Opinion in Genetics & Development·D J PeetD J Mangelsdorf
Dec 5, 1998·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·G LizardP Gambert

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 12, 2013·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Fiorella BiasiGiuseppe Poli
Sep 15, 2010·Free Radical Research·Corinne M SpickettNeven Zarkovic
Sep 5, 2013·Free Radical Research·G ServiddioG Vendemiale
Dec 5, 2012·Progress in Lipid Research·Giovanni MussoMaurizio Cassader
Apr 17, 2016·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Vladimiro CardeniaMarco Malaguti
Sep 3, 2013·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Gaetano ServiddioGianluigi Vendemiale
Dec 12, 2012·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Ming Long Sirius ChungChung-Yung Jetty Lee
Jan 23, 2017·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Francesco BellantiGaetano Serviddio
Aug 27, 2021·Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators·Mibsam M RojasHugo S García
Jan 10, 2012·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·Francesco GalliUNKNOWN Working Group on Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Atherosclerosis Disease Progression

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque on artery walls, causing stenosis which can eventually lead to clinically apparent cardiovascular disease. Find the latest research on atherosclerosis disease progression here.