PMID: 2096859Dec 1, 1990Paper

Pain management

Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America
L Wild

Abstract

Postoperative pain management in the critically ill patient is a challenge for nurses. Knowing the basis of pain transmission and mechanisms of action of interventions can assist the critical care nurse in making clinical decisions regarding pain control for individual patients. There are a number of modalities available to treat postoperative pain including both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions. Techniques such as PCA not only can provide good analgesia, but allow the critically ill patient at least one aspect of control in the otherwise highly controlled environment of the critical care unit. Epidural or intrathecal analgesia, using either opioids or LAAs alone or in combination, provides excellent analgesic effect (with minimal side effects) and may improve patient outcomes. Nonpharmacologic techniques, unfortunately, are commonly overlooked as adjuncts to traditional analgesia routines because of the nature of the illness in the critically ill patient. Nonpharmacologic techniques of pain management have a place in the care of the critically ill when applied based on the assessment of an individual patient's needs and abilities to participate in his or her care. Ensuring optimal patient comfort can benefit cr...Continue Reading

Citations

Apr 24, 1993·Lancet·M Zenz, A Willweber-Strumpf
Feb 1, 1995·Journal of Pain and Symptom Management·M S BergerJ L Abrahm
May 1, 1995·Journal of Pain and Symptom Management·J L Clark, G E Kalan
Mar 1, 1996·Journal of Pain and Symptom Management·A Johansson, B Sjölund
Jul 1, 1996·Disease-a-month : DM·R L BarkinS J Barkin
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Jun 19, 2004·Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy·Alessandra Graziottin, Lori A Brotto
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Jul 14, 2010·The American Journal of Chinese Medicine·Ann VincentBrent A Bauer
Nov 8, 2006·Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health : CP & EMH·Donatella MarazzitiBernardo Dell'Osso

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