Pain-preventing strategies in mammography: an observational study of simultaneously recorded pain and breast mechanics throughout the entire breast compression cycle

BMC Women's Health
J E de GrootG J den Heeten

Abstract

Many women consider mammography painful. Existing studies on pain-preventing strategies only mention pain scores reported before and after breast compression. Studying the pain dynamics during the entire compression cycle may provide new insights for effective pain-preventing strategies. This observational study included 117 women who consented to use a custom turning knob to indicate their pain experience during standard mammographic breast compressions in the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The breast thickness, compression force, contact area, contact pressure and pain experience were recorded continuously. Breast volume was calculated retrospectively from the mammograms. We visualized the progression of pain in relation to breast mechanics for five groups of breast volumes and we performed multivariable regressions to identify factors that significantly predict pain experience. Breast compressions consisted of a deformation phase for flattening, and a clamping phase for immobilization. The clamping phase lasted 12.8 ± 3.6 seconds (average ± standard deviation), 1.7 times longer than the 7.5 ± 2.6 seconds deformation phase. During the clamping phase, the average pain score increased from 4.75 to 5.88 (...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 8, 2016·The British Journal of Radiology·Wang Kei MaPeter Hogg
Jan 10, 2016·Medical Physics·W BranderhorstC A Grimbergen
Jul 28, 2016·The British Journal of Radiology·Ellen PaapMireille J M Broeders
Aug 28, 2019·BioMedicine·Mun-Seng LeeMuhammad Nazrullah Kamaluddin
Feb 6, 2020·Medical Physics·Nada Kamona, Murray Loew
Apr 19, 2017·PloS One·Susie LauKwan Hoong Ng
May 18, 2021·European Journal of Radiology·Patsy WhelehanGozde Ozakinci

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
x-ray

Software Mentioned

R Foundation for Statistical Computing
R

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