Palisade Endings Are a Constant Feature in the Extraocular Muscles of Frontal-Eyed, But Not Lateral-Eyed, Animals

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
R BlumerÁngel M Pastor

Abstract

To test whether palisade endings are a general feature of mammalian extraocular muscles (EOMs). Thirteen species, some frontal-eyed (human, monkey, cat, and ferret), and others lateral-eyed (pig, sheep, calf, horse, rabbit, rat, mouse, gerbil, and guinea pig) were analyzed. Palisade endings were labeled by using different combinations of immunofluorescence techniques. Three-dimensional reconstructions of immunolabeled palisade endings were done. In all frontal-eyed species, palisade endings were a consistent feature in the rectus EOMs. Their total number was high and they exhibited an EOM-specific distribution. In particular, the number of palisade endings in the medial recti was significantly higher than in the other rectus muscles. In the lateral-eyed animals, palisade endings were infrequent and, when present, their total number was rather low. They were only found in ungulates (sheep, calf, pig, and horse) and in rabbit. In rodents (rat, guinea pig, mouse, and gerbil) palisade endings were found infrequently (e.g., rat) or were completely absent. Palisade endings in frontal-eyed species and in some lateral-eyed species (pig, sheep, calf, and horse) had a uniform morphology. They generally lacked α-bungarotoxin staining, wit...Continue Reading

Citations

Jul 20, 2018·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Karoline LienbacherAnja K E Horn
Apr 18, 2019·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Martin O BohlenSusan Warren
Nov 20, 2019·Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Ivan VrcekTanuj Nakra
Mar 17, 2020·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Jing-Xia Liu, Fatima Pedrosa Domellöf
Dec 29, 2020·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Roland BlumerAngel M Pastor
Feb 18, 2021·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Jing-Xia Liu, Fatima Pedrosa Domellöf
Apr 14, 2019·Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior·Laurent Petit, Pierre Pouget
Sep 16, 2021·Annual Review of Vision Science·Anja K E Horn, Hans Straka

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