Palmitic Acid in Early Human Development

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
Sheila M Innis

Abstract

Palmitic acid (16:0) is a saturated fatty acid present in the diet and synthesized endogenously. Although often considered to have adverse effects on chronic disease in adults, 16:0 is an essential component of membrane, secretory and transport lipids, with crucial roles in protein palmitoylation and signal molecules. At birth, the term infant is 13-15% body fat, with 45-50% 16:0, much of which is derived from endogenous synthesis in the fetus. After birth, the infant accumulates adipose tissue at high rates, reaching 25% body weight as fat by 4-5 months age. Over this time, human milk provides 10% dietary energy as 16:0, but in unusual triglycerides with 16:0 on the glycerol center carbon. This paper reviews the synthesis and oxidation of 16:0 and possible reasons why the infant is endowed with large amounts of fat and 16:0. The marked deviations in tissues with displacement of 16:0 that can occur in infants fed vegetable oil formulas is introduced. Assuming fetal fatty acid synthesis and the unusual delivery of 16:0 in human milk evolved to afford survival advantage to the neonate, it is timely to question if 16:0 is an essential component of tissue lipids whereby both deficiency and excess are detrimental.

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Citations

Feb 2, 2017·International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition·Franca MarangoniAndrea Poli
Nov 24, 2017·Frontiers in Physiology·Gianfranca CartaClaudia Manca
Apr 9, 2019·Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology·Garima SharmaMordhwaj Singh Parihar
Apr 5, 2018·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Lorenza Di GenovaSusanna Esposito
Aug 29, 2019·Nutrients·Eva GesteiroMarcela González-Gross
Nov 22, 2018·Frontiers in Pediatrics·Hanna LeeCarolyn Slupsky
Nov 24, 2020·PloS One·Tamires da Silva MagalhãesGleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho
Mar 1, 2021·European Journal of Internal Medicine·C AgostoniA Astrup
Feb 24, 2019·Progress in Lipid Research·Wei WeiXingguo Wang
Jun 3, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Mina MartiniFederica Salari
Jul 24, 2021·Current Research in Food Science·Kok Ming GohKar Lin Nyam

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