Palmoplantar keratoderma, pseudo-ainhum, and universal atrichia: A new patient and review of the palmoplantar keratoderma-congenital alopecia syndrome

American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part a
Marco CastoriPaola Grammatico

Abstract

Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) may concur with congenital alopecia (CA) in various genodermatoses. We report on a 10-year-old girl with generalized atrichia and a severe form of PPK causing pseudo-ainhum, sclerodactyly, and contractures, a phenotype not consistent with any well-defined condition. Non-specific additional findings comprised mild nail dystrophy and widespread keratosis pilaris including ulerythema ophryogenes. Direct sequencing of the GJB2 and LOR coding regions yielded normal results. A review identified two additional sporadic and four familial cases with PPK and CA. Comparison between familial cases suggested the existence of two genetically and phenotypically distinct types of PPK-CA: (i) an autosomal dominant form (Stevanović type), a variable and benign phenotype without significant hand complications, and (ii) a more complex autosomal recessive variant (Wallis type) with contractures, sclerodactyly, and pseudo-ainhum. Nuclear cataract may represent an additional although not constant finding in the Wallis type PPK-CA. Further reports are required to test this preliminary conclusion.

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Citations

Mar 1, 2018·Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·L GuerraG Zambruno
May 26, 2020·American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part a·Hironobu KobayashiNaoki Shimojo
Jul 26, 2018·American Journal of Clinical Dermatology·Jason F Wang, Seth J Orlow
Aug 14, 2019·BMC Dermatology·Diego Nitcheu TchouakamSimeon Pierre Choukem

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