PMID: 16633170Apr 25, 2006Paper

Palpebral ptosis: clinical classification, differential diagnosis, and surgical guidelines: an overview

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
Luigi ClauserManlio Galiè

Abstract

Palpebral ptosis indicates the abnormal drooping of the upper lid, caused by partial or total reduction in levator muscle function. It may be caused by various pathologies, both congenital and acquired. Based on a review of the available literature and on our own clinical experience, a classification is proposed as well as a differential diagnosis between ptosis and pseudoptosis. Some basic surgical guidelines related to age of onset and etiopathogenesis are drawn. Ptosis is divided into neurogenic, myogenic, aponeurotic, and mechanical. The aim of surgery is two fold: functional, to correct the limit in the visual field; and also aesthetic. From January 2000 to January 2004, 42 patients were referred and treated at the Unit of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery-Centre for Orbital Pathology and Surgery, Hospital and University, Ferrara, Italy. Of these, 12 cases were congenital and 30 acquired (13 were monolateral and 29 bilateral, for a total of 71 cases). The most widely used surgical techniques were levator muscle recession and frontalis suspension. In congenital forms, these techniques were often associated with techniques to correct oculo-muscular imbalance (i.e., strabismus).Seventy-one upper eyelids were treated, 5 of which we...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 5, 2013·Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery·N SrinathMohammed Salman Basha
Apr 20, 2013·Eye·E ŞahlıG G Tezel
Aug 9, 2008·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Warren L DingesDolores M Peterson
May 21, 2010·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Liu TianyiYang Jun
Jul 21, 2011·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Linna LuXianqun Fan
Mar 1, 2012·Journal of Pediatric Health Care : Official Publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners·Sanjeev Y TuliSonal S Tuli
Mar 1, 2012·Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology·Soosan JacobGaurav Prakash
Nov 21, 2019·Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology·Anne X Nguyen, Albert Y Wu
Aug 10, 2018·Korean Journal of Ophthalmology : KJO·Youn Gon LeeChang Yeom Kim
Jun 13, 2015·Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology·Shinji IdetaKazuo Tsubota
Dec 2, 2020·Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry·Kendra PhillisKaren G Carrasquillo
Apr 12, 2011·Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS·Jin LiXianQun Fan

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