Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng) cell suspension culture as a source of bioactive polysaccharides: Immunostimulatory activity and characterization of a neutral polysaccharide AGC1

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Rajarshi GhoshAnthony L Farone

Abstract

In this study, we propose the use of a plant tissue culture-based system for the production of polysaccharides with consistent chemical characteristics and reduced endotoxin content. Polysaccharides were isolated from suspension cultures of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), a widely used medicinal herb. A neutral fraction, AGC1, purified by anion exchange and size exclusion chromatography, displayed immunostimulatory activity in vitro and ex vivo. AGC1 (average molecular weight: 5.2kDa) was predominantly composed of galactose (>60%) along with the presence of several other neutral sugars such as arabinose, xylose, glucose, mannose and rhamnose in minor amounts. The major glycosidic linkages were found to be 3-Galp (48.5%), 3,6-Galp (10.2%), t-Galp (5.2%), 6-Galp (4.4%), 4-Glcp (5.7%), 4-Arap/5-Araf (4.0%) and t-Araf (4.5%). AGC1 significantly (p<0.05) stimulated the expression of a range of proinflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages such as IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 and GM-CSF. Additionally, AGC1 treatment of RAW 264.7 cells stimulated NOS2 gene expression, leading to increased levels of iNOS and downstream NO. Consistent with this, AGC1 was able to act as an immunostimulant in primary murine splenocytes, enhancin...Continue Reading

References

May 3, 1989·Journal of the National Cancer Institute·B LuettigM L Lohmann-Matthes
Oct 1, 1985·Analytical Biochemistry·P K SmithD C Klenk
Jan 1, 1982·Microbiology and Immunology·T MikamiM Suzuki
Aug 1, 1984·Artificial Organs·F C PearsonC Dinarello
Oct 15, 1993·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·C J LowensteinW J Murphy
Sep 29, 1999·International Journal of Immunopharmacology·S V PopovY S Ovodov
Sep 29, 2001·Nature Immunology·C Bogdan
Nov 9, 2002·Carbohydrate Research·Elena A Günter, Yury S Ovodov
Oct 27, 2005·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Wansang LimFrançoise Vermeylen
Nov 8, 2005·Analytical Sciences : the International Journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry·Xingbin YangQibing Mei
Jan 24, 2006·International Immunopharmacology·Igor A Schepetkin, Mark T Quinn
Jun 14, 2008·International Immunopharmacology·Patricia D BiondoCatherine J Field
Apr 7, 2009·Carbohydrate Research·Christian HeissParastoo Azadi
Jul 14, 2010·Journal of Ethnopharmacology·Jürg GertschPeter Taylor
Nov 9, 2010·International Immunopharmacology·Paul V Licciardi, John R Underwood
Mar 10, 2011·PloS One·Jeff HoldernessMark A Jutila
May 24, 2011·World Journal of Clinical Oncology·Vaclav Vetvicka
Jun 30, 2012·Nature Methods·Johannes SchindelinAlbert Cardona
Sep 5, 2012·Carbohydrate Polymers·Aizhen ZongFengshan Wang
Jan 30, 2014·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Xiaona YuGuixing Ren
Feb 13, 2014·Current Opinion in Biotechnology·Ioannis Giavasis
Sep 1, 2012·Carbohydrate Polymers·Masood AkhtarElzbieta Hiszczynska-Sawicka
Oct 24, 2014·Frontiers in Immunology·Guillermo Arango Duque, Albert Descoteaux
Jun 10, 2015·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Lijun WangGuixing Ren
Aug 11, 2015·Carbohydrate Polymers·Sónia S FerreiraManuel A Coimbra
Jan 27, 2017·Journal of Ginseng Research·So Hee LohYoung-Sun Kang

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.