Paracrine effects of TLR4-polarised mesenchymal stromal cells are mediated by extracellular vesicles

Journal of Translational Medicine
Marie-Theres ZeunerDarius Widera

Abstract

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells able to give rise to bone, cartilage and fat cells. In addition, they possess immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties that are mainly mediated through secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In a previous issue of Journal of Translational Medicine, Ti and colleagues demonstrated that preconditioning of MSCs with bacterial lipopolysaccharides results in secretion of EVs that can polarise macrophages towards anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Moreover, the authors suggest that EVs of ​lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated MSCs are superior to EVs of untreated MSCs concerning their ability to support wound healing. Our commentary critically discusses parallel efforts of other laboratories to generate conditioned media from stem cells for therapeutic applications, and highlights impact and significance of the study of Ti et al. Finally, we summarise its limitations and spotlight areas that need to be addressed to better define the underlying molecular mechanisms.

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Citations

Jun 30, 2016·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Lisa PleyerRichard Greil
Sep 15, 2018·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Pardis SaeediAbbas Ali Imani Fooladi
Feb 20, 2019·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Ana Patricia Ayala-CuellarKyung-Chul Choi
Oct 6, 2020·Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology·Marie MaumusDanièle Noël
Mar 1, 2017·Regenerative Medicine·Egi KardiaBadrul Hisham Yahaya
Aug 24, 2021·Advanced Therapeutics·Stephanie M KronstadtSteven M Jay

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear translocation

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