Paramutation phenomena in plants

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
Roberto Pilu

Abstract

Paramutation is a particular epigenetic phenomenon discovered in Zea mays by Alexander Brink in the 1950s, and then also found in other plants and animals. Brink coined the term paramutation (from the Greek syllable "para" meaning beside, near, beyond, aside) in 1958, with the aim to differentiate paramutation from mutation. The peculiarity of paramutation with respect to other gene silencing phenomena consists in the ability of the silenced allele (named paramutagenic) to silence the other allele (paramutable) present in trans. The newly silenced (paramutated) allele remains stable in the next generations even after segregation from the paramutagenic allele and acquires paramutagenic ability itself. The inheritance behaviour of these epialleles permits a fast diffusion of a particular gene expression level/phenotype in a population even in the absence of other evolutionary influences, thus breaking the Hardy-Weinberg law. As with other gene silencing phenomena such as quelling in the fungus Neurospora crassa, transvection in Drosophila, co-suppression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) described in transgenic plants and RNA interference (RNAi) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, paramutation occurs without changes in ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 1, 2016·Nature Reviews. Genetics·Jay B Hollick
Sep 1, 2018·Plant & Cell Physiology·Chin Hong Lee, Bernard J Carroll
Aug 2, 2017·Journal of Genetics·Johannes Manjrekar
Mar 30, 2017·PloS One·Maria CapovillaMinoo Rassoulzadegan
Apr 2, 2021·Horticulture Research·Vanessa Soufflet-FreslonFabrice Foucher

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