PMID: 3745782Aug 1, 1986Paper

Parasympathetic ganglia innervating the canine atrioventricular nodal region

Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System
W C RandallS C Goyal

Abstract

Surgical disruption of the small (approximately 0.7 x 1.0 cm) epicardial fat pad situated at the junction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and inferior surface of the left atrium (ILA) interrupts both right and left vagal input to the atrioventricular nodal (AVN) region of the canine heart. This intervention eliminates AV block during supramaximal stimulation of both cervical vagi, without interfering with sinus bradycardia normally associated with sinoatrial nodal (SAN) suppression. Independent modulation of SAN and AVN activities by the parasympathetic system is thereby revealed. Histology of the excised IVC-ILA fat pad reveals multiple well organized autonomic ganglia. These ganglia range from 2 to 80 cells per cluster and are associated with numerous nerve trunks. Individual ganglia are commonly surrounded by fatty connective tissue closely adjacent to epicardial muscle. They have not been found imbedded within atrial muscle and have been been found in or close to endocardial muscle layers. Other ganglia, imbedded in the fat pad overlying the posterior surface of the left atrium or in the atrioventricular groove, do not directly modulate A-V conduction. Surgical dissection around the extreme left or middle segments of the gr...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 1, 1990·Anatomy and Embryology·C J HassallG Burnstock
Jul 1, 1987·Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System·W C RandallM Milosavljevic
Aug 1, 1987·Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System·B J PardiniD D Lund
Aug 1, 1988·Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System·D DobrowolskyJ X Thomas
Jan 5, 1996·Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System·P A SteeleJ L Morris
Nov 27, 1999·Mechanisms of Ageing and Development·F E AkamatsuE A Liberti
Jul 5, 2001·Acta Physiologica Scandinavica·T Akiyama, T Yamazaki
Feb 1, 1995·The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery·P L PagéR Cardinal
Dec 3, 2003·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·Zixi ChengDavid Gozal
Jul 7, 2007·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Jing AiZixi Cheng
Jul 24, 2013·The Journal of Physiology·J H Coote
Sep 15, 2001·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·D W WallickT N Mazgalev
Oct 22, 2002·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·Zoran B PopovićTodor N Mazgalev
Sep 20, 2000·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·M TsuboiS Chiba
Feb 9, 2002·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·Youhua ZhangTodor N Mazgalev

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