Past, Present, and Future of Regulatory T Cell Therapy in Transplantation and Autoimmunity

Frontiers in Immunology
Marco RomanoGiovanna Lombardi

Abstract

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important for the induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance therefore, they are key in preventing excessive immune responses and autoimmunity. In the last decades, several reports have been focussed on understanding the biology of Tregs and their mechanisms of action. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the ability of Tregs to delay/prevent graft rejection and to control autoimmune responses following adoptive transfer in vivo. Due to these promising results, Tregs have been extensively studied as a potential new tool for the prevention of graft rejection and/or the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Currently, solid organ transplantation remains the treatment of choice for end-stage organ failure. However, chronic rejection and the ensuing side effects of immunosuppressants represent the main limiting factors for organ acceptance and patient survival. Autoimmune disorders are chronic diseases caused by the breakdown of tolerance against self-antigens. This is triggered either by a numerical or functional Treg defect, or by the resistance of effector T cells to suppression. In this scenario, patients receiving high doses of immunosuppressant are left susceptible to life-threatening opport...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsies
biopsy
leukapheresis
histone acetylation

Clinical Trials Mentioned

ISRCTN06128462
ISRCTN11038572
NCT02691247
NCT02772679
NCT02428309
NCT03239470
NCT03011021
NCT02932826
NCT02704338
NCT03185000

Software Mentioned

DarTregs
TRIBUTE
TRACT

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