Pathogenesis and Transmission of Genetically Diverse Swine-Origin H3N2 Variant Influenza A Viruses from Multiple Lineages Isolated in the United States, 2011-2016

Journal of Virology
Xiangjie SunTaronna R Maines

Abstract

While several swine-origin influenza A H3N2 variant (H3N2v) viruses isolated from humans prior to 2011 have been previously characterized for their virulence and transmissibility in ferrets, the recent genetic and antigenic divergence of H3N2v viruses warrants an updated assessment of their pandemic potential. Here, four contemporary H3N2v viruses isolated during 2011 to 2016 were evaluated for their replicative ability in both in vitro and in vivo in mammalian models as well as their transmissibility among ferrets. We found that all four H3N2v viruses possessed similar or enhanced replication capacities in a human bronchial epithelium cell line (Calu-3) compared to a human seasonal influenza virus, suggestive of strong fitness in human respiratory tract cells. The majority of H3N2v viruses examined in our study were mildly virulent in mice and capable of replicating in mouse lungs with different degrees of efficiency. In ferrets, all four H3N2v viruses caused moderate morbidity and exhibited comparable titers in the upper respiratory tract, but only 2 of the 4 viruses replicated in the lower respiratory tract in this model. Furthermore, despite efficient transmission among cohoused ferrets, recently isolated H3N2v viruses disp...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 21, 2019·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Feng Liu, Min Z Levine
Dec 25, 2019·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine·Jessica A BelserTaronna R Maines
Mar 2, 2019·Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease·Joanna A Pulit-PenalozaTaronna R Maines
Sep 17, 2021·The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science·Enkhbold BazarragchaaYoshihiro Sakoda

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