Pathogenesis of mouse hepatitis virus-induced demyelination

Journal of Neurovirology
J J Houtman, J O Fleming

Abstract

Infection of rodents with neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) may result in lethal encephalitis or paralytic demyelinating disease resembling the human disease multiple sclerosis. The outcome of MHV infection is dependent on a number of variables, including the passage history of the viral isolate, dose and route of inoculation, and the age and immune status of the host. Alterations in surface glycoproteins, especially the spike protein, can profoundly influence pathogenesis. Innate resistance to MHV infection may be related to the expression of cellular receptors or to immunological factors. The immune system plays a major role in MHV pathogenesis, affecting encephalitis, viral clearance, and demyelination. Antiviral antibodies, CD4+ T lymphocytes, or CD8+ T lymphocytes may protect infected animals from lethal encephalitis, but both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are required for effective viral clearance. Demyelination in MHV-infected animals has been attributed to the cytolytic effects of viral infection on myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, but more recent evidence supports an immunopathological mechanism for demyelination. Immunopathological models for demyelination include autoimmunity, direct immune cytotoxicity, and in...Continue Reading

Citations

Apr 2, 2003·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Jodie S Haring, Stanley Perlman
Mar 29, 2001·Viral Immunology·N W MartenC C Bergmann
Jun 27, 2008·Journal of Virology·Kenneth S ShindlerJayasri Das Sarma
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Jul 24, 2010·Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases·Jayasri Das Sarma
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Jul 19, 2013·Clinical & Developmental Immunology·Dhriti ChatterjeeJayasri Das Sarma
Feb 16, 2006·European Journal of Immunology·Linda N StilesThomas E Lane

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