Pathogenic mechanism, prophylaxis, and therapy of symptomatic acidosis induced by acetazolamide

Journal of Investigative Medicine : the Official Publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research
Luca FilippiF F Rubaltelli

Abstract

Acetazolamide, a noncompetitive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, can produce symptomatic acidosis and bone marrow suppression by a mechanism that is still unknown. This presentation occurs in the elderly, patients with renal or liver failure, people with diabetes, and newborns. The objective of this study was to understand the pathogenic mechanism of these adverse effects and to propose a possible prophylaxis and therapy. Four human clinical cases were studied, and one animal experiment was performed. Four preterm newborns with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation developed severe metabolic acidosis after treatment with acetazolamide. The acidosis suddenly disappeared after a packed red blood cell transfusion. Metabolic studies were performed in one patient and in newborn guinea pigs treated with 200 mg/kg acetazolamide. Acetazolamide can produce severe lactic acidosis with an increased lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, ketosis with a low beta-hydroxybutyrate-to-acetoacetate ratio, and a urinary organic acid profile typical of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. The acquired enzymatic injury resulting from the inhibition of mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase V that provides bicarbonate to pyruvate carboxylase can produce tricarboxylic acid cy...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 17, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Gul N ShahWilliam S Sly
Jul 4, 2007·Journal of Perinatal Medicine·David M CarrollBabyn S Paul
Feb 27, 2016·F1000Research·Amy Quynh Trang PhamOrson W Moe
Oct 6, 2010·Advances in Health Sciences Education : Theory and Practice·Aliki ThomasW Dale Dauphinee
Nov 28, 2019·Journal of Neonatal-perinatal Medicine·A Ibrahim, N Hussain

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