Pathogens and fecal indicators in waste stabilization pond systems with direct reuse for irrigation: Fate and transport in water, soil and crops

The Science of the Total Environment
Matthew E VerbylaJames R Mihelcic

Abstract

Wastewater use for irrigation is expanding globally, and information about the fate and transport of pathogens in wastewater systems is needed to complete microbial risk assessments and develop policies to protect public health. The lack of maintenance for wastewater treatment facilities in low-income areas and developing countries results in sludge accumulation and compromised performance over time, creating uncertainty about the contamination of soil and crops. The fate and transport of pathogens and fecal indicators was evaluated in waste stabilization ponds with direct reuse for irrigation, using two systems in Bolivia as case studies. Results were compared with models from the literature that have been recommended for design. The removal of Escherichia coli in both systems was adequately predicted by a previously-published dispersed flow model, despite more than 10years of sludge accumulation. However, a design equation for helminth egg removal overestimated the observed removal, suggesting that this equation may not be appropriate for systems with accumulated sludge. To assess the contamination of soil and crops, ratios were calculated of the pathogen and fecal indicator concentrations in soil or on crops to their respect...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 20, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Matthew E VerbylaJames R Mihelcic
Nov 17, 2017·Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research·Isaac Dennis AmoahThor Axel Stenström
Apr 13, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Behzad GhiasiAli Mahdavi Mazdeh
Nov 26, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Alican Ozturk, Omer Kagan Arici
Dec 22, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Maria Fernanda EspinosaCésar Rossas Mota
Apr 7, 2018·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Emmanuel Alepu OdeyYichang Yan

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