Pathology and pathogenesis of human leptospirosis: a commented review

Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De São Paulo
T de BritoPatrícia Antonia Estima Abreu

Abstract

Leptospirosis is an acute bacterial septicemic febrile disease caused by pathogenic leptospires, which affect humans and animals in all parts of the world. Transmission can occur by direct contact with infected animals or, more commonly, through indirect contact with water or soil contaminated with urine from infected animals. Leptospires enter the body by penetrating mucous membranes or skin abrasions and disseminate through the hematogenic route. In humans, leptospirosis may cause a wide spectrum of symptoms. Most cases have a biphasic clinical presentation, which begins with the septicemic phase followed by immune manifestations. The severe forms of the disease may be life threatening with multisystem damage including renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, vascular damage, pulmonary hemorrhage and muscle lesions. In this review, we present and discuss the pathogenesis of the human disease and the mechanisms of cell membrane injuries, which occur mainly due to the presence of leptospires and/or their antigen/s in the host tissues.

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Citations

Nov 26, 2019·Transboundary and Emerging Diseases·Hui ZhangYung-Fu Chang
Jan 4, 2020·European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology·Krishnan Baby Karpagam, Balasubramanian Ganesh
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Nov 17, 2021·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Shabani Kiyabo MottoElizabeth Anne Jessie Cook

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsies
biopsy
electron
electron microscopy
scanning electron microscopy

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