Pathophysiological mechanisms of persistent orofacial pain

Journal of Oral Science
Masamichi ShinodaKoichi Iwata

Abstract

Nociceptive stimuli to the orofacial region are typically received by the peripheral terminal of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons, and noxious orofacial information is subsequently conveyed to the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis and the upper cervical spinal cord (C1-C2). This information is further transmitted to the cortical somatosensory regions and limbic system via the thalamus, which then leads to the perception of pain. It is a well-established fact that the presence of abnormal pain in the orofacial region is etiologically associated with neuroplastic changes that may occur at any point in the pain transmission pathway from the peripheral to the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, several studies have reported that functional plastic changes in a large number of cells, including TG neurons, glial cells (satellite cells, microglia, and astrocytes), and immune cells (macrophages and neutrophils), contribute to the sensitization and disinhibition of neurons in the peripheral and CNS, which results in orofacial pain hypersensitivity.

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Citations

Sep 30, 2020·Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology·Daehyun YoonSandip Biswal
Mar 27, 2021·NeuroImage. Clinical·Noemi MeylakhLuke A Henderson
May 26, 2021·The Journal of Physiology·Menachem Hanani, Robert W Banks
Jul 1, 2021·The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology : Official Journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology·Ji-Hee YeoDae-Hyun Roh

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