Pathophysiology of central sleep apneas

Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung
Adam B Hernandez, Susheel P Patil

Abstract

The transition from wake to sleep is accompanied by a host of physiologic changes, which result in major alterations in respiratory control and may result in sleep-related breathing disorders. The central sleep apneas are a group of sleep-related breathing disorders that are characterized by recurrent episodes of airflow reduction or cessation due to a temporary reduction or absence of central respiratory drive. The fundamental hallmark of central sleep apnea (CSA) disorders is the presence of ventilatory control instability; however, additional mechanisms play a role in one or more specific manifestations of CSA. CSA may manifest during conditions of eucapnia/hypocapnia or chronic hypercapnia, which is a useful clinical classification that lends understanding to the underlying pathophysiology and potential therapies. In this review, an overview of normal breathing physiology is provided, followed by a discussion of pathophysiologic mechanisms that promote CSA and the mechanisms that are specific to different manifestations of CSA.

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Citations

Apr 12, 2017·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·Antonella LoMauroAndrea Aliverti
Jan 11, 2018·Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung·Marcello BosiVenerino Poletti
Apr 25, 2019·Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine·Sébastien BaillieulJean-Louis Pépin
Jan 21, 2020·The Journal of Physiology·Gemma LancasterAneta Stefanovska
Jan 3, 2019·Pediatrics in Review·Kevin GipsonT Bernard Kinane
Apr 22, 2017·Respiratory Research·Jean-Benoît MartinotJean-Louis Pepin
Jul 7, 2020·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Alexandra V LimanskayaIvan N Pigarev
Sep 29, 2020·British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·Christian StrausThomas Similowski
May 1, 2021·Annals of the American Thoracic Society·Kenneth P Chen, Bernie Y Sunwoo
May 7, 2021·Nature and Science of Sleep·Maria Rosa CostanzoUNKNOWN remedē®System Pivotal Trial Study Group
Dec 23, 2020·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Bianca den OttelanderIrene Mathijssen

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