Pathophysiology of systemic hypertension

The American Journal of Cardiology
T G Pickering

Abstract

Systemic hypertension can be regarded as a quantitative disorder of blood pressure regulation. No single cause of hypertension has been identified, and it is likely that different mechanisms may be dominant in different individuals. In patients with sustained hypertension, there is usually increased peripheral resistance and normal cardiac output. The hemodynamic pattern of hypertension appears to vary according to the subject's age. Factors that may increase peripheral resistance are a decrease in the number of arterioles, changes in the caliber of the arterioles and increase in blood viscosity. Possible components of increased vascular tone in hypertensive patients include elevation of levels of circulating catecholamines and angiotensin II, increased number/affinity of receptors, changes in membrane permeability and increased excitation-contraction coupling. The major hormonal component that mediates vasoconstriction is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Genetic, environmental and psychologic factors may also play a role in hypertension.

References

Oct 1, 1978·The American Journal of Medicine·G Pickering
Aug 1, 1977·Circulation·G GerstenblithM L Weisfeldt
Jul 1, 1984·Hypertension·M P Blaustein
Sep 1, 1984·The American Journal of Cardiology·R B DevereuxJ H Laragh
Nov 1, 1983·Hypertension·F J Haddy
Feb 19, 1982·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·T G PickeringJ H Laragh

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Citations

Jan 1, 1991·Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·S B PennerJ K McKenzie
Dec 1, 1989·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·E D Frohlich
Oct 6, 1997·The Veterinary Journal·S A BrownD R Finco
Dec 1, 1990·Disease-a-month : DM·S M Grundy, J P Barnett
Jul 1, 1992·Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology·M NitzanY Mahler
May 12, 2019·Heart Failure Reviews·Marijana TadicGuido Grassi

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