PMID: 9422191Jun 1, 1995Paper

Patients intoxicated with heroin or heroin mixtures: how long should they be monitored?

European Journal of Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine
J J Osterwalder

Abstract

Our investigation was carried out in subjects intoxicated with heroin or heroin mixtures to find out the time interval during which delayed life-threatening complications become manifest, such as pulmonary oedema or relapse into respiratory depression or coma after naloxone treatment. We studied prospectively all drug intoxications between 1991 and 1992. Of the 538 intoxications, we assessed in detail 160 outpatients who lived within the catchment area of our hospital. The outcome variables studied were (1) rehospitalization for pulmonary oedema, (2) relapse into coma, and/or (3) death and cause within 24 h after release from hospital. Deaths occurring outside our hospital have to be reported, as decreed by law, to the Institute for Forensic Medicine. The results of our investigation showed no rehospitalization owing to pulmonary oedema or coma, but one death, outside the hospital, owing to delayed pulmonary oedema. This delayed complication had an incidence of 0.6% (95% confidence interval 0-3.8%). A reintoxication could be excluded in this patient. Based on reliable report, the pulmonary oedema occurred between approximately 2 1/4 and 8 1/4 hours after intoxication. In the literature, only two cases of delayed pulmonary oedem...Continue Reading

Citations

Oct 4, 2000·Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine·J ChristensonM Gao
Sep 5, 2001·BMJ : British Medical Journal·A GhuranJ Nolan
Aug 23, 2005·Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ·S F J ClarkeA L Jones
Dec 12, 2000·The Western Journal of Medicine·A Ghuran, J Nolan
May 18, 2000·Heart·A Ghuran, J Nolan
Nov 26, 2008·BMC Emergency Medicine·Fridtjof HeyerdahlDag Jacobsen
Jan 1, 2011·Substance Abuse : Research and Treatment·A FareedK Drexler
Aug 14, 2013·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Yulia V KrayevaKnut Erik Hovda
Dec 22, 2005·Addiction·Catherine T Baca, Kenneth J Grant
May 29, 2004·European Journal of Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine·Ingebjørg BuajordetOdd Brørs
Jan 11, 2018·Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety·Rachael Rzasa Lynn, J L Galinkin
Oct 28, 2006·Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica·J J BoydT T Randell

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