PMID: 9537273Apr 16, 1998Paper

Patterns of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance among healthy children in Bolivia

Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH
Alessandro BartoloniFranco Paradisi

Abstract

To determine the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant, nonpathogenic Escherichia coli among healthy children aged 6-72 months in Camiri town and a rural village, Javillo, in south-eastern Bolivia. A community-based survey: stool samples were obtained from 296 healthy children selected by modified cluster sampling in Camiri and all 25 eligible children in Javillo. E. coli isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility according to the standard disc diffusion method. By a questionnaire survey of 12 pharmacies and by using simulated patients, we investigated the antimicrobial availability and the usage patterns in Camiri town. In Camiri, over 90%, and in Javillo over 70% of children carried E. coli resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) or tetracycline. Overall, 63% of children carried E. coli with multiple resistance to ampicillin, TMP/SMX, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. In the simulated patients study, antimicrobials were dispensed inappropriately for 92% of adults and 40% of children with watery diarrhoea, and were under-prescribed for males with urethral discharge (67%) or females with fever and dysuria (58%). The dose and/or duration of antimicrobials dispensed was almost always too low. O...Continue Reading

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Mar 24, 2005·International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents·Berónica InfanteGöran Kronvall
Oct 11, 2005·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Alessandro BartoloniGöran Kronvall
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