Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the rectum is a unique entity that lacks definitive guidelines regarding prognosis and treatment. This study aimed to analyze patterns of care and survival for SCC and adenocarcinoma (AC) of the rectum. This was a retrospective analysis of patients with stage I-III SCC or AC of the rectum treated from 2004 to 2016 from the National Cancer Database. The treatment groups analyzed were surgery alone (S), chemoradiation followed by surgery (CRT + S), surgery followed by chemoradiation (S + CRT), and definitive chemoradiation (CRT). Patient- and clinical-related factors were compared. Overall survival was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional regression models. Of the patients studied, 21,587 (97.1%) were AC and 640 (2.9%) were SCC. Among patients with AC, most (n = 8549, 59.4%) received chemoradiation followed by surgery; those with SCC (n = 305, 66.4%) received definitive chemoradiation. Among patients who received surgery, the majority (69.2%) with AC histology had a low anterior resection while the majority (52.1%) of SCC had an abdominoperineal resection. Five-year overall survival of AC versus SCC in the entire cohort was 61.6% versus 56.1%, respectively (p < 0.001). On mul...Continue Reading
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