Penguin lungs and air sacs: implications for baroprotection, oxygen stores and buoyancy

The Journal of Experimental Biology
P J PonganisM Scadeng

Abstract

The anatomy and volume of the penguin respiratory system contribute significantly to pulmonary baroprotection, the body O2 store, buoyancy and hence the overall diving physiology of penguins. Therefore, three-dimensional reconstructions from computerized tomographic (CT) scans of live penguins were utilized to measure lung volumes, air sac volumes, tracheobronchial volumes and total body volumes at different inflation pressures in three species with different dive capacities [Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), king (Aptenodytes patagonicus) and emperor (A. forsteri) penguins]. Lung volumes scaled to body mass according to published avian allometrics. Air sac volumes at 30 cm H2O (2.94 kPa) inflation pressure, the assumed maximum volume possible prior to deep dives, were two to three times allometric air sac predictions and also two to three times previously determined end-of-dive total air volumes. Although it is unknown whether penguins inhale to such high volumes prior to dives, these values were supported by (a) body density/buoyancy calculations, (b) prior air volume measurements in free-diving ducks and (c) previous suggestions that penguins may exhale air prior to the final portions of deep dives. Based upon air capillary volum...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 28, 2018·PloS One·Sean M WrennDaniel J Weiss
Jan 23, 2019·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Robert L Cieri
Nov 29, 2017·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Julia M YorkWilliam K Milsom
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Oct 19, 2019·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Manfred R EnstippYves Handrich
Dec 2, 2020·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Cassondra L WilliamsPaul J Ponganis
Jan 15, 2021·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Holly Hermann-SorensenColleen Reichmuth

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