Peptidoglycan recognition protein-peptidoglycan complexes increase monocyte/macrophage activation and enhance the inflammatory response

Immunology
Mauricio C De MarziEmilio L Malchiodi

Abstract

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRP) are pattern recognition receptors that can bind or hydrolyse peptidoglycan (PGN). Four human PGRP have been described: PGRP-S, PGRP-L, PGRP-Iα and PGRP-Iβ. Mammalian PGRP-S has been implicated in intracellular destruction of bacteria by polymorphonuclear cells, PGRP-Iα and PGRP-Iβ have been found in keratinocytes and epithelial cells, and PGRP-L is a serum protein that hydrolyses PGN. We have expressed recombinant human PGRP and observed that PGRP-S and PGRP-Iα exist as monomer and disulphide dimer proteins. The PGRP dimers maintain their biological functions. We detected the PGRP-S dimer in human serum and polymorphonuclear cells, from where it is secreted after degranulation; these cells being a possible source of serum PGRP-S. Recombinant PGRP do not act as bactericidal or bacteriostatic agents in the assayed conditions; however, PGRP-S and PGRP-Iα cause slight damage in the bacterial membrane. Monocytes/macrophages increase Staphylococcus aureus phagocytosis in the presence of PGRP-S, PGRP-Iα and PGRP-Iβ. All PGRP bind to monocyte/macrophage membranes and are endocytosed by them. In addition, all PGRP protect cells from PGN-induced apoptosis. PGRP increase THP-1 cell proliferation a...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 17, 2016·Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research·Jurgina SakalauskieneAstra Vitkauskiene
Jan 3, 2018·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Andrea J Wolf, David M Underhill
Feb 17, 2018·Frontiers in Microbiology·Anshu ShrivastavJanine Zahlten
May 20, 2020·Journal of Medical Microbiology·Gabriel TorrensCarlos Juan
Jun 10, 2020·Current Drug Targets·Surendra SarafSubrata Mallick

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