Peptidylarginine Deiminase 3 (PAD3) Is Upregulated by Prolactin Stimulation of CID-9 Cells and Expressed in the Lactating Mouse Mammary Gland

PloS One
Guangyuan LiBrian D Cherrington

Abstract

Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) post-translationally convert arginine into neutral citrulline residues. Our past work shows that PADs are expressed in the canine and murine mammary glands; however, the mechanisms regulating PAD expression and the function of citrullination in the normal mammary gland are unclear. Therefore, the first objective herein was to investigate regulation of PAD expression in mammary epithelial cells. We first examined PAD levels in CID-9 cells, which were derived from the mammary gland of mid-pregnant mice. PAD3 expression is significantly higher than all other PAD isoforms and mediates protein citrullination in CID-9 cells. We next hypothesized that prolactin regulates PAD3 expression. To test this, CID-9 cells were stimulated with 5 μg/mL of prolactin for 48 hours which significantly increases PAD3 mRNA and protein expression. Use of a JAK2 inhibitor and a dominant negative (DN)-STAT5 adenovirus indicate that prolactin stimulation of PAD3 expression is mediated by the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway in CID-9 cells. In addition, the human PAD3 gene promoter is prolactin responsive in CID-9 cells. Our second objective was to investigate the expression and activity of PAD3 in the lactating mouse mammary...Continue Reading

References

Dec 1, 1990·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·C SchmidhauserG F Casperson
Jun 1, 1984·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·K G DanielsonD Medina
Sep 1, 1993·Journal of Neurochemistry·J W Lamensa, M A Moscarello
Aug 23, 1996·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·T SenshuH Asaga
Jan 15, 1997·Genes & Development·X LiuL Hennighausen
Feb 18, 2003·Endocrine Reviews·Charles V ClevengerLinda A Schuler
Apr 30, 2003·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Tommi J AhonenMarja T Nevalainen
Oct 28, 2003·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Erik R VossenaarGer J M Pruijn
May 8, 2004·Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases·A KnightA Ekbom
Feb 17, 2007·Journal of Molecular Biology·Reinout RaijmakersGer J M Pruijn
Oct 20, 2007·Developmental Neurobiology·Gerburg KeilhoffAnthony P Nicholas
Feb 25, 2011·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Van C WillisV Michael Holers
Mar 19, 2011·American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology·Alexander A ChumanevichLorne J Hofseth
Apr 24, 2012·Journal of Comparative Pathology·B D CherringtonJ J Wakshlag
Jul 14, 2012·The Journal of Reproduction and Development·Sachi HoribataBrian D Cherrington
Aug 23, 2012·PloS One·Brian D CherringtonScott A Coonrod
Jul 3, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Sonja C StadlerC David Allis

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Sep 24, 2016·ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters·Haya JamaliJonathan A Ellman
Jan 1, 2017·Reproduction : the Official Journal of the Society for the Study of Fertility·Coleman H YoungBrian D Cherrington
Jul 11, 2018·Molecular and Cellular Biology·Stanley B DeVoreBrian D Cherrington
Apr 16, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Guangyuan LiBrian D Cherrington
Nov 16, 2020·Medical Hypotheses·Naglaa El-WakeelAbeer S Gawish

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
Assay
transfection
confocal microscopy

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.