Perceived social support and the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study

Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society
Nancy FreeborneLisa Warsinger Martin

Abstract

Previous studies have shown social support to be inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men, whereas fewer studies have assessed the relationship in women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between perceived social support and cardiovascular outcomes among postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. We examined the relationships between perceived social support and (1) incident coronary heart disease (CHD), (2) total CVD, and (3) all-cause mortality. Participants were Women's Health Initiative Observational Study women, ages 50 to 79 years, enrolled between 1993 and 1998 and followed for up to 10.8 years. Social support was ascertained at baseline via nine questions measuring the following functional support components: emotional/informational, tangible, positive social interaction, and affectionate support. Among women with prior CVD (n = 17,351) and no prior CVD (n = 73,421), unadjusted hazard ratios ranged from 0.83 to 0.93 per standard deviation increment of social support. Adjustment for potential confounders, such as smoking and physical activity levels, eliminated the statistical significance of the associations with CHD and CVD. However,...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 3, 2019·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Janet S Pohl, Nancy Fugate Woods
Mar 26, 2021·Nature and Science of Sleep·Rocio Leon-GonzalezEsther Garcia-Esquinas
Mar 20, 2021·Menopause : the Journal of the North American Menopause Society·Elana F JaffeAndrea K Knittel

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