Perceptual Surprise Improves Action Stopping by Nonselectively Suppressing Motor Activity via a Neural Mechanism for Motor Inhibition

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
Isabella C DutraJan R Wessel

Abstract

Motor inhibition is a cognitive control ability that allows humans to stop actions rapidly even after initiation. Understanding and improving motor inhibition could benefit adaptive behavior in both health and disease. We recently found that presenting surprising, task-unrelated sounds when stopping is necessary improves the likelihood of successful stopping. In the current study, we investigated the neural underpinnings of this effect. Specifically, we tested whether surprise-related stopping improvements are due to a genuine increase in motor inhibition. In Experiment 1, we measured motor inhibition in primary motor cortex of male and female humans by quantifying corticospinal excitability (CSE) via transcranial magnetic stimulation and electromyography during a hybrid surprise-Go/NoGo task. Consistent with prior studies of motor inhibition, successful stopping was accompanied by nonselective suppression of CSE; that is, CSE was suppressed even in task-unrelated motor effectors. Importantly, unexpected sounds significantly increased this motor-system inhibition to a degree that was directly related to behavioral improvements in stopping. In Experiment 2, we then used scalp encephalography to investigate whether unexpected sou...Continue Reading

Citations

Dec 7, 2018·The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology : QJEP·Martin R VasilevJulie A Kirkby
Jan 22, 2020·The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry·Gerard Derosiere, Julie Duque
Sep 20, 2020·Experimental Brain Research·Carly IaculloJan R Wessel
Sep 15, 2020·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·P SarassoI Ronga
Apr 3, 2019·International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology·L M Rueda-DelgadoR Whelan
Oct 6, 2020·Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior·René J HusterLiisa Raud
Jul 23, 2021·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Darcy A Diesburg, Jan R Wessel
Jul 31, 2021·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Ricci Hannah, Adam R Aron
Aug 29, 2021·Biological Psychology·Marret K NoordewierMuriel A Hagenaars

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