Perchlorate and chlorate reduction by the Crenarchaeon Aeropyrum pernix and two thermophilic Firmicutes

Environmental Microbiology Reports
Martin G LiebensteinerBart P Lomans

Abstract

This study reports the ability of one hyperthermophilic and two thermophilic microorganisms to grow anaerobically by the reduction of chlorate and perchlorate. Physiological, genomic and proteome analyses suggest that the Crenarchaeon Aeropyrum pernix reduces perchlorate with a periplasmic enzyme related to nitrate reductases, but that it lacks a functional chlorite-disproportionating enzyme (Cld) to complete the pathway. Aeropyrum pernix, previously described as a strictly aerobic microorganism, seems to rely on the chemical reactivity of reduced sulfur compounds with chlorite, a mechanism previously reported for perchlorate-reducing Archaeoglobus fulgidus. The chemical oxidation of thiosulfate (in excessive amounts present in the medium) and the reduction of chlorite result in the release of sulfate and chloride, which are the products of a biotic-abiotic perchlorate reduction pathway in Ae. pernix. The apparent absence of Cld in two other perchlorate-reducing microorganisms, Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans and Moorella glycerini strain NMP, and their dependence on sulfide for perchlorate reduction is consistent with the observations made on Ar. fulgidus. Our findings suggest that microbial perchlorate reduction at high tem...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 21, 2016·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Charlotte I CarlströmJohn D Coates
Aug 3, 2016·Annual Review of Microbiology·Matthew D YoungblutJohn D Coates
Jul 11, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Jose María Miralles-RobledilloCarmen Pire
Jan 9, 2019·Frontiers in Microbiology·Siavash AtashgahiDetmer Sipkema

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