Perfluorinated sulfonate and carboxylate compounds and precursors in herring gull eggs from across the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America: Temporal and recent spatial comparisons and exposure implications

The Science of the Total Environment
Robert J LetcherWilliam W Bowerman

Abstract

Chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) in the basin of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America include per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) classified as perfluoroalkyl acids. We investigated several PFASs, and specifically 13 C4-C16 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), 4 (C4, C6, C8 and C10) perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFEtCHxS) and selected precursors (e.g. perfluorobutane sulfonamide and perfluorooctane sulfonamide) in herring gull (Larus argentatus) eggs collected in 2012-2013 from 19 Canadian and U.S. colony sites across the Great Lakes. C6, C8 and C10 PFSAs, PFEtCHxS, and C7-14 and C16 PFCAs were quantifiable at >97% of the 114 egg samples. PFEtCHxS concentrations ranged from n.d. to 3.1ng/g ww (highest in Lake Michigan eggs). Mean Σ4PFSA (92 to 97% perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)) and Σ9PFCA concentration ranges were 44 to 740 and 4.8 to 118ng/g ww, respectively. Σ4PFSA showed a clear increasing concentration trend from the northwest to the southeast colonies. Also, Σ4PFCA to Σ9PFSA concentration ratios in gull eggs were greater in eggs from Lake Superior relative to colonies in the other lakes. PFOS concentrations in some egg samples were greater than some of...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 10, 2015·Environmental Science & Technology·Shaogang ChuSean M Backus
Jul 28, 2019·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Christina K Remucal
Oct 1, 2020·EFSA Journal·UNKNOWN EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (EFSA CONTAM Panel)Tanja Schwerdtle
Aug 25, 2020·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Marco ParoliniStefano Polesello
Sep 8, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology·Anna R RobuckRainer Lohmann
Jun 9, 2021·Food Chemistry·Teresa GazzottiGiampiero Pagliuca
Jul 30, 2021·Journal of Environmental Management·Sridhar PilliRajeshwar Dayal Tyagi

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