Performance comparison of different types of constructed wetlands for the removal of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
Huma Ilyas, Eric D van Hullebusch

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive and critical comparison of four types of constructed wetlands (CWs): free water surface CW (FWSCW), vertical flow CW (VFCW), horizontal flow CW (HFCW), and hybrid CW (HCW) for the removal of 29 pharmaceuticals (PhCs) and 19 transformation products (TPs) using a global data compiled for 247 CWs reported in 63 peer-reviewed journal papers. Biodegradation (aerobic being more efficient than anaerobic) is the major removal mechanism for 16 out of 29 PhCs besides the influence of other processes (e.g., adsorption/sorption, plant uptake, and photodegradation). The HCW performed better followed by VFCW, HFCW, and FWSCW. The comparatively better removal in HCW might be due to the coexistence of aerobic and anaerobic conditions and longer hydraulic retention time considering more than one compartment enhances the removal of PhCs (e.g., diclofenac, acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, trimethoprim, and atenolol), which are removed under both conditions and adsorption/sorption processes. The augmentation in dissolved oxygen by the application of artificial aeration improved the removal of PhCs, which are degraded under aerobic conditions. Furthermore, the better performance of aerated CWs coul...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 8, 2021·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Cristina ÁvilaCristina Postigo
Feb 18, 2021·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Jocelina Paranhos Rosa De VargasJérôme Labanowski
Jun 12, 2021·Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research·H IlyasE D van Hullebusch

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