Performance of N95 respirators: reaerosolization of bacteria and solid particles

American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal
Y QianJ Donnelly

Abstract

If a respirator does not contain an exhalation value, and the respirator wearer sneezes or coughs, one may expect previously collected particles to be reaerosolized. This may be of special concern in environments contaminated with airborne microorganisms. The percentages of reaerosolization were measured in a test setup where the number of reaerosolized particles were registered by dynamic aerosol size spectrometry relative to the number of previously collected particles or bacteria. Experiments at low relative humidity have shown that the reaerosolization of particles below 1 micron, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis surrogate bacteria, does not exceed 0.025%, even if the re-entrainment air velocity is as high as 300 cm/sec (i.e., 37 times the air velocity through the respirator during breathing under heavy workload conditions). The reaerosolization of larger particles into dry air was significant at the highest re-entrainment velocity of 300 cm/sec, which simulates violent sneezing or coughing: 0.1% for 3 microns and about 6% for 5-micron test particles. No reaerosolization was detected at relative humidity levels exceeding 35% at these conditions. Thus, it is concluded that the reaerosolization of particles and bacteria, ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 19, 2004·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Nola J Kennedy, William C Hinds
Dec 1, 2011·The Annals of Occupational Hygiene·Edward M FisherRonald E Shaffer
Feb 8, 2011·Journal of Applied Microbiology·B DamitC-Y Wu
Sep 30, 2004·American Journal of Infection Control·Appavoo RengasamyRoland Berryann
Feb 24, 2006·American Journal of Infection Control·Anna BałazySergey A Grinshpun
Apr 6, 2012·Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology : the Official Journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America·Christopher F GreenPasquale V Scarpino
Mar 19, 2014·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Edward M Fisher, Ronald E Shaffer
Aug 20, 2016·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Samy RengasamySarah Smit
Apr 29, 1999·Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology : the Official Journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America·T A ReponenS A Grinshpun
Jun 20, 2008·Journal of Applied Microbiology·J-H LeeJ Wander
May 20, 2020·Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness·Marie A de PerioMaryann D'Alessandro
Dec 7, 2010·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Jeffrey S BirknerNola J Kennedy
Mar 7, 2021·Biophysical Journal·Thomas HuberThomas P Sakmar

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