Performance validity in older adults: Observed versus predicted false positive rates in relation to number of tests administered

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
Jeremy J Davis

Abstract

This study examined false positive rates on embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) in older adults grouped by cognitive status. The research design involved secondary analysis of data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database. Participants (N = 22,688) were grouped by cognitive status: normal (n = 10,319), impaired (n = 1,194), amnestic or nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 5,414), and dementia (n = 5,761). Neuropsychological data were used to derive 5 PVTs. False positive rates on individual PVTs ranged from 3.3 to 26.3% with several embedded PVTs showing acceptable specificity across groups. The proportion of participants failing two or more PVTs varied by cognitive status: normal (1.9%), impaired (6.6%), MCI (13.2%), and dementia (52.8%). Comparison of observed and predicted false positive rates at different specificity levels (.85 or .90) demonstrated significant differences in all comparisons. In normal and impaired groups, predicted rates were higher than observed rates. In the MCI group, predicted and observed comparisons varied: Predicted rates were higher with specificity at .85 and lower with specificity at .90. In the dementia group, predicted rates underestimated observed rates. Des...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 21, 2019·Scientific Reports·Robin OrtheyHartmut Blank
Jul 12, 2020·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·Laura McWhirterAlan Carson
Aug 9, 2020·Neuropsychology Review·Ivan RuizGregory P Strauss
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Feb 23, 2019·Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology·Thomas BodnerThomas Benke
May 30, 2021·Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists·Kritika NayarJason R Soble

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