Pericoronary adipose tissue: a novel therapeutic target in obesity-related coronary atherosclerosis

Journal of the American College of Nutrition
Tomasz Mazurek, Grzegorz Opolski

Abstract

Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary vessels. Adipose tissue is considered to act in paracrine manner, which modulates a number of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Perivascular adipose tissue has developed specific properties that distinguish it from the fat in other locations. Interestingly, its activity depends on several metabolic conditions associated with insulin resistance and weight gain. Particularly in obesity perivascular fat seems to change its character from a protective to a detrimental one. The present review analyzes literature in terms of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, with particular emphasis on inflammatory processes. Additionally, the authors summarize data about confirmed paracrine activity of visceral adipose tissue and especially about pericoronary fat influence on the vascular wall. The contribution of adiponectin, leptin and resistin is addressed. Experimental and clinical data supporting the thesis of outside-to-inside signaling in the pericoronary milieu are further outlined. Clinical implications of epicardial and pericoronary adipose tissue activity are also evaluated. The role of pericoronary adipose t...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
coronary artery bypass
imaging techniques

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