Perillaldehyde prevents the formations of atherosclerotic plaques through recoupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
Li Yu, Hua Liu

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is essential for cardiovascular homeostasis owing to its anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antiproliferative, and antioxidant effects. Perillaldehyde (PAH), one of the major oil components in Perilla frutescens, has anti-inflammatory effects. This study was designed to explore whether PAH prevents atherosclerosis through normalizing eNOS functions. The model of atherosclerosis was induced by feeding rats and mice with high-fat diet or plus balloon injury. Oil red and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stainings were used to assess the atherosclerotic plaque. Pretreatment of PAH for 30 minutes concentration-dependently increased tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels, NO generations, and improved cell viabilities in cultured human umbilicus vessel endothelial cells (HUVEC) incubated with oxidized (OX) low-density lipoprotein (LDL), in which all protective effects of PAH were abolished by guanosinetriphosphate (GTP) cyclohydrolase 1 inhibitor 2,4-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (DAHP) or eNOS inhibitor L-NAME in those cells. In rats, high-fat diet plus balloon injury induced the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in carotid arteries. Administration of PAH or lovastatin reduced the size of ...Continue Reading

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