Perinatal Periods of Risk Analysis: Disentangling Race and Socioeconomic Status to Inform a Black Infant Mortality Community Action Initiative

Maternal and Child Health Journal
Catherine L KothariDebra Lenz

Abstract

Objectives The goal of this study is to use Perinatal Periods of Risk (PPOR) analysis to differentiate broad areas of risk (Maternal-Health/Prematurity, Maternal Care, Newborn Care, and Infant Health) associated with being Black from those associated with being poor. Methods Phase I PPOR compared two target populations (Black women/infants and poor women/infants) against a gold standard reference group (White, non-Hispanic women, aged 20+ years with 13+ years of education), then against each other. Phase II PPOR further partitioned excess risk into (1) Very-low-birthweight-risk and (2) Birthweight-specific-mortality-risk and identified individual-level risk factors. Results Phase I PPOR revealed Black excess mortality within the Maternal-Health/Prematurity category (67% of total excess mortality). Phase II PPOR revealed that Black excess mortality within this category was primarily due to premature deliveries of very-low-birthweight infants. In a unique extension of the PPOR methodology, a poverty-excess-PPOR was subtracted from the Black-excess-PPOR, and showed that Black women have substantial excess mortality above and beyond that associated with poverty. Subsequent analyses to identify Black-specific risks, controlling for ...Continue Reading

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