Periodontal Biological Events Associated with Orthodontic Tooth Movement: The Biomechanics of the Cytoskeleton and the Extracellular Matrix

TheScientificWorldJournal
L FellerJ Lemmer

Abstract

The mechanical stimuli generated by orthodontic forces cause deformation of extracellular matrices and cells, vascular changes, inflammation, and the release of active biological agents generating a complex multifactorial sequence of biological events culminating in bone remodelling enabling orthodontic tooth movement. Orthodontic forces on the teeth generate stresses in periodontal tissues according to a number of variables including the type (continuous, interrupted, or intermittent), magnitude, direction, and frequency of the applied load. Whether the strain is compressive or tensile determines whether bone deposition or bone resorption will occur. The mechanically induced strains mediate structural changes in extracellular matrices and in cells, consequently affecting cellular gene expression and function. In the extracellular matrix, mechanosensing molecules integrated into the structure of various proteins can be activated upon load-induced protein unfolding. These specialized molecules have the capacity to sense and then to convert microenvironmental biomechanical stimuli into intracellular biochemical signals that interact to generate a coordinated tissue response. It is also possible that the applied force may directly...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 28, 2016·BioMed Research International·Liviu FellerJohan Lemmer
Oct 18, 2018·Clinical Oral Implants Research·Wei-Shao Lin, Steven E Eckert
Apr 21, 2019·Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry·MingYan LiuMing Liu
Dec 19, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Christian KirschneckAgnes Schröder
May 1, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Hyeran Helen JeonAndrew Tsai

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