PMID: 15361795Sep 14, 2004Paper

Periodontal infections and atherosclerosis: mere associations?

Current Opinion in Lipidology
Pirkko J Pussinen, Kimmo Mattila

Abstract

Several lines of evidence from the last few decades suggest that periodontitis is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In this review we discuss the recent findings on the systemic effects of periodontitis, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, with a special emphasis on lipoproteins. In addition to the epidemiological studies exploring the direct or indirect relationship between clinical periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases, studies utilizing serology, animal models, cell cultures, and biochemistry of lipoproteins have been published. Local infection in the periodontal pockets triggers a systemic inflammatory response releasing inflammatory mediators and awakens a strong immune response against periodontal pathogens. Elevated systemic antibody levels especially to Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis. Periodontitis is also accompanied by proatherogenic changes in both low and high density lipoproteins, which lead to enhanced cholesteryl ester uptake by and reduced cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Vesicles and lipopolysaccharide isolated from P. gingivalis activate macrophages to convert into foam cells. Moreover, animal studies have ...Continue Reading

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